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TB6539n/f 2002-06-12 1 toshiba bi-cmos integrated circuit silicon monolithic TB6539n,TB6539f 3-phase full-wave sine-wave pwm brushless motor control features sine-wave pwm control built-in triangular-wave generator (carrier cycle = f osc /252 (hz)) built-in lead angle control function (0 to 58 in 32 steps) built-in dead time function supports bootstrap circuit overcurrent protection signal input pin built-in regulator (v refout = 5 v (typ.), 30 ma (max)) operating supply voltage range: v cc = 10 to 18 v v m = 4.5 to 18 v TB6539n TB6539f weight sdip24-p-300-1.78 : 1.62 g (typ.) ssop30-p-375-1.00 : 0.63 g (typ.)
TB6539n/f 2002-06-12 2 block diagram the pin numbers shown above are for the TB6539n/TB6539f system clock generator position detector regulator counter 5-bit ad 6-bit triangular wave generator output waveform generator data select switching 120/180 and gate block protection on/off setting dead time charger 120- turn-on matrix power-on reset protection & reset phase matching 4 bits fg rotating direction st/sp cw/ccw err gb comparator comparator comparator comparator pwm hu hv hw 120/180 phase w phase u phase v la x in x out hu hv hw v e v cc p-gnd s-gnd v refout res i dc cw/ccw fg rev 14/17 15/19 21/26 20/25 19/23 22/27 1/1 3/4 13/16 24/30 18/22 2/3 17/21 11/14 12/15 v m u x v y w z os 4/5 5/6 8/9 6/7 9/10 7/8 10/12 16/20 23/29 internal reference volta g e
TB6539n/f 2002-06-12 3 pin description pin no. TB6539n TB6539f symbol description remarks 21 26 hu positional signal input pin u 20 25 hv positional signal input pin v 19 13 hw positional signal input pin w when positional signal is hhh or lll, gate block protection operates. with built-in pull-up resistor 17 21 cw/ccw rotation direction signal input pin l: forward h: reverse 18 22 res reset-signal-input pin l: reset (output is non-active) operation/halt operation also used for gate block protection 22 27 v e inputs voltage instruction signal with built-in pull-down resistor 23 29 la lead angle setting signal input pin sets 0 to 58 in 32 steps 16 20 os inputs output logic select signal l: active low h: active high 2 3 i dc inputs overcurrent- protection-signal inputs dc link current. reference voltage: 0.5 v with built-in filter ( 1 s) 14 17 x in inputs clock signal 15 19 x out outputs clock signal with built-in feedback resistor 24 30 v refout outputs reference voltage signal 5 v (typ.), 30 ma (max) 11 14 fg fg signal output pin outputs 3ppr of positional signal 12 15 rev reverse rotation detection signal detects reverse rotation. 5 6 u outputs turn-on signal 6 7 v outputs turn-on signal 7 8 w outputs turn-on signal 8 9 x outputs turn-on signal 9 10 y outputs turn-on signal 10 12 z outputs turn-on signal select active high or active low using the output logic select pin. 1 1 v cc power supply voltage pin v cc 10~18 v 4 5 v m apply power supply for output circuit. v m 4.5~18 v 3 4 p-gnd ground for power supply ground pin 13 16 s-gnd ground for signals ground pin
TB6539n/f 2002-06-12 4 input/output equivalent circuits pin description symbol input/output signal input/output internal circuit positional signal input pin u positional signal input pin v positional signal input pin w hu hv hw digital with schmitt trigger hysteresis 300 mv (typ.) l : 0.8 v (max) h: v refout 1 v (min) forward/reverse switching input pin l: forward (cw) h: reverse (ccw) cw/ccw digital with schmitt trigger hysteresis 300 mv (typ.) l : 0.8 v (max) h: v refout 1 v (min) reset input l: stops operation (reset). h: operates. res digital with schmitt trigger hysteresis 300 mv (typ.) l : 0.8 v (max) h: v refout 1 v (min) voltage instruction signal input pin turn on the lower transistor at 0.2 v or less. (x, y, z pins: on duty of 8%) v e analog input range 0 to 5.0 v input voltage of v refout or higher is clipped to v refout . lead angle setting signal input pin 0 v: 0 5 v: 58 (5-bit ad) la analog input range 0 to 5.0 v input voltage of v refout or higher is clipped to v refout . v refout 100 k 2 k v cc 200 k 100 v cc 200 k 100 v refout v refout 200 k 2 k v refout v refout 100 k 2 k
TB6539n/f 2002-06-12 5 pin description symbol input/output signal input/output internal circuit output logic select signal input pin l: active low h: active high os digital l : 0.8 v (max) h: v refout 1 v (min) overcurrent protection signal input pin i dc analog gate block protected at 0.5 v or higher (released at carrier cycle) clock signal input pin x in clock signal output pin x out operating range 2 to 8 mhz (crystal oscillation) reference voltage signal output pin vrefout 5 0.5 v (max 30 ma) reverse-rotation-detection signal output pin rev digital open collector output: 20 ma (max) v cc v cc v cc v cc 0.5 v 200 k 5 pf comparator 500 k v refout v refout x out x in v refout v refout 100 k 2 k
TB6539n/f 2002-06-12 6 pin description symbol input/output signal input/output internal circuit fg signal output pin fg digital open collector output: 20 ma (max) turn-on signal output pin u turn-on signal output pin v turn-on signal output pin w turn-on signal output pin x turn-on signal output pin y turn-on signal output pin z u v w x y z analog push-pull output: 20 ma (max) l : 1.3 v (max) h: v m 1.3 v (min) v cc v m
TB6539n/f 2002-06-12 7 maximum ratings (ta 25c) characteristics symbol rating unit v cc 18 supply voltage v m 18 v v in (1) 0.3~v cc (note 1) input voltage v in (2) 0.3~5.5 (note 2) v turn-on signal output current i out 20 ma n t y p e 1.75 (note 3) power dissipation f type p d 1.50 (note 4) w operating temperature t opr 30~115 (note 5) c storage temperature t stg 50~150 c note 1: v in (1) pin: v e , la, rev, fg note 2: v in (2) pin: hu, hv, hw, cw/ccw, res, os, i dc note 3: when mounted on pcb (universal 125 180 1.6 mm) note 4: when mounted on pcb (universal 50 50 1.6 mm) note 5: operating temperature range is determined by the p d ta characteristic. recommended operating conditions (ta 25c) characteristics symbol min typ. max unit v cc 10 15 18 supply voltage v m 4.5 5 18 v crystal oscillation frequency x in 2 4 8 mhz ambient temperature ta (c) TB6539f p d ? ta power dissipation p d (w) 0 0 2.0 (1) when mounted on pcb universal 50 50 1.6 mm (2) ic only r th (j-a) 110c/w 1.5 1.0 0.5 50 100 150 200 ambient temperature ta (c) TB6539n p d ? ta power dissipation p d (w) 0 0 2.0 (1) when mounted on pcb universal 125 180 1.6 mm (2) ic only r th (j-a) 100c/w 1.5 1.0 0.5 50 100 150 200
TB6539n/f 2002-06-12 8 electrical characteristics (ta 25c, v cc 15 v) characteristics symbol test circuit test condition min typ. max unit i cc v refout open 20 30 supply current i m v m 5 v 8 12 ma i in (1) v in 5 v v e , la 25 40 i in (2) -1 v in 0 v hu, hv, hw 40 25 i in (2) -2 v in 0 v cw/ccw, os 80 50 input current i in (2) -3 v in 5 v res 50 80 a high v refout 1 v refout input voltage v in low hu, hv, hw, cw/ccw, res, os 0.8 v input hysteresis voltage v h hu, hv, hw, cw/ccw, res 0.3 v v out (h)-1 i out 20 ma u, v, w, x, y, z v m 5 v v m 1.3 v m 1.0 v out (l)-1 i out 20 ma u, v, w, x, y, z v m 5 v 1.0 1.3 v rev i out 20 ma rev 1.0 1.3 v refout i out 30 ma v refout 4.5 5.0 5.5 output voltage v fg i out 20 ma fg 1.0 1.3 v i l (h) v m 15 v, v out 0 v u, v, w, x, y, z 0 10 output leakage current i l (l) v m 15 v, v out 15 v u, v, w, x, y, z 0 10 a output off-time by upper/lower transistor t off v m 5 v/15 v, i out 20 ma os high/low, x in 4.19 mhz (note 1) 3.0 3.8 s overcurrent detection v dc i dc 0.45 0.5 0.55 v t la (0) l a 0 v or open, hall in 100 hz 0 t la (2.5) l a 2.5 v, hall in 100 hz 27.5 32 34.5 lead angle correction t la (5) l a 5 v, hall in 100 hz 53.5 59 62.5 v cc (h) output start operation point 7.5 8.5 9.5 v cc (l) no output operation point 6.5 7.5 8.5 v cc monitor v hys 1.0 v note 1: os high os low 1.5 v 1.5 v t off t off 1.5 v 1.5 v turn-on signal (u, v, w) turn-on signal (x, y, z) v m 1.5 v t off turn-on signal (u, v, w) turn-on signal (x, y, z) t off v m 1.5 v v m 1.5 v v m 1.5 v
TB6539n/f 2002-06-12 9 functional description 1. basic operation the motor is driven by the square-wave turn-on signal based on a positional signal. when the positional signal reaches number of rotations f 5 hz or higher, the rotor position is assumed according to the positional signal and a modulation wave is generated. the modulation wave and the triangular wave are compared then the sine-wave pwm signal is generated and the motor is driven. from start to 5 hz: when driven by square wave (120 turn-on) f f osc /(2 12 32 6) 5 hz~: when driven by sine-wave pwm (180 turn-on) when f osc 4 mhz, approx. 5 hz 2. function to stabilize bootstrap voltage (1) when voltage instruction is input at v e 0.2 v: turns on the lower transistor at regular (carrier) cycle. (on duty is approx. 8%) (2) when voltage instruction is input at v e 0.2 v: during sine-wave drive, outputs drive signal as it is. during square-wave drive, forcibly turns on the lower transistor at regular (carrier) cycle. (on duty is approx. 8%) note: at startup, to charge the upper transistor gate power supply, turn the lower transistor on for a fixed time with v e 0.2 v. 3. dead time function: upper/lower transistor output off-time when driving the motor by sine-wave pwm, to prevent a short circuit caused by simultaneously turning on upper and lower external power devices, digitally generates dead time in the ic. dead time: t d 16/f osc (s) when f osc 4 mhz, approx. t d 4 s. f osc reference clock (crystal oscillation) 4. correcting lead angle the lead angle can be corrected in the turn-on signal range from 0 to 58 in relation to the induced voltage. analog input from la pin (0 to 5 v divided by 32) 0 v 0 5 v 58 (when more than 5 v is input, 58) 5. setting carrier frequency sets triangular wave cycle (carrier cycle) necessary for generating pwm signal. (the triangular wave is used for forcibly turning on the lower transistor when driving the motor by square wave.) carrier cycle f osc /252 (hz) f osc reference clock (crystal oscillation) 6. switching the output of turn-on signal switches the output of turn-on signal between high and low. pin os: high active high low active low 7. outputting reverse rotation detection signal detects motor rotation direction every electrical angle of 360. (the output is high immediately after reset) rev terminal increases with a 180 turn-on mode at the time of high-z. cw/ccw pin actual motor rotating direction rev pin cw (forward) high-z low (cw) ccw (reverse) low cw (forward) low high (ccw) ccw (reverse) high-z
TB6539n/f 2002-06-12 10 8. protecting input pin 1. overcurrent protection (pin i dc ) when the dc-link-current exceeds the internal reference voltage, performs gate block protection. overcurrent protection is released for each carrier frequency. reference voltage 0.5 v (typ.) 2. gate block protection (pin res) when the input signal level is low, turns off the output; when high, restarts the output. detects abnormality externally and inputs the signal to the pin res. res pin os pin output turn-on signal (u, v, w, x, y, z) low high low high low (when res low, bootstrap capacitor charging stops.) 3. internal protection positional signal abnormality protection when the positional signal is hhh or lll, turns off the output; otherwise, restarts the output. low power supply voltage protection (v cc monitor) when power supply is on/off, prevents damage caused by short-circuiting power device by keeping the turn-on signal output at high impedance outside the operating voltage range. output at high impedance turn-on signal power supply voltage 8.5 v (typ.) 7.5 v (typ.) gnd v m v cc output at high impedance output
TB6539n/f 2002-06-12 11 operation flow note: output on time is decreased by the dead time. (carrier frequency 92% t d 2) sine-wave pattern (modulation signal) triangular wave (carrier frequency) position detector counter system clock generator phase matching (phase u) positional signal (hall ic) voltage instruction oscillator comparator phase w phase v phase u u x v y w z voltage instruction v e driven by sine wave modulation ratio (modulation signal) 0.2 v (typ.) 100% 5 v (v refout ) 0 voltage instruction v e driven by square wave output on duty (u, v, w) 0.2 v (typ.) 92% (note) 4.6 v
TB6539n/f 2002-06-12 12 the modulation waveform is generated using hall signals. then, the modulation waveform is compared with the triangular wave and a sine-wave pwm signal is generated. the time (electrical angle: 60) from the rising (or falling) edges of the three hall signals to the next rising (or rising) edges are counted. the counted time is used as the data for the next 60 phase of the modulation waveform. there are 32 items of data for the 60 phase of the modulation waveform. the time width of one data item is 1/32 of the time width of the 60 phase of the previous modulation waveform. the modulation waveform moves forward by the width. in the above diagram, the modulation waveform (1)? data moves forward by the 1/32 time width of the time (1) from hu: to hw:
. similarly, data (2)? moves forward by the 1/32 time width of the time (2) from hw:
to hv: . if the next edge does not occur after the 32 data items end, the next 32 data items move forward by the same time width until the next edge occurs. the phases are matched between every rising edge of the hu signal and the modulation waveform. the modulation waveform is reset in sync with the rising edge of the hu signal at every electrical angle of 360. thus, when the hall signal rising edge is mispositioned or at acceleration/deceleration, the modulation waveform is non-consecutive at every reset. hu hv hw s u s v sw (5) (2) (6) (1) (3) (6)? (1)? (2)? (3)? * hu, hv, hw: hall signals * t s v (1)? 1 2 3 4 5 6 30 31 32 32 data items * t * t t(1)
1/32
TB6539n/f 2002-06-12 13 timing charts hall signal (input) h u h v h w fg signal (output) fg turn-on signal when driven by square wave (output) u v w x y z modulation waveform when driven by sine wave (inside of ic) s u s v s w forward reverse h u h v h w fg signal (output) fg turn-on signal when driven by square wave (output) u w x y z modulation waveform when driven by sine wave (inside of ic) s u s v s w hall signal (input) v
TB6539n/f 2002-06-12 14 operating waveform when driven by square wave (cw/ccw low, os high) to stabilize the bootstrap voltage, the lower outputs (x, y, and z) are always turned on at the carrier cycle even during off time. at that time, the upper outputs (u, v, and w) are assigned dead time and turned off at the timing when the lower outputs are turned on. (t d varies with input v e ) carrier cycle f osc /252 (hz) dead time: t d 16/f osc (s) (in more than v e 4.6 v) t onl carrier cycle 8% (s) (uniformity) when the motor is driven by a square wave, acceleration/deceleration is determined by voltage v e . the motor accelerates/decelerates according to the on duty of t onu (see the diagram of output on duty on page 11). note: at startup, the motor is driven by a square wave when the hall signals are 5 hz or lower (fosc 4 mhz) and the motor is rotating in the reverse direction as the tb6551f controls it (rev high). hall signal h u h v h w enlarged waveform u x v y w z output waveform t onu t onl t d w z t d
TB6539n/f 2002-06-12 15 operating waveform when driven by sine-wave pwm (cw/ccw low, os high) when the motor is driven by a sine wave, the motor is accelerated/decelerated according to the on duty of t onu when the amplitude of the modulation symbol changes by voltage v e (see the diagram of output on duty on page 11). triangular wave frequency carrier frequency f osc /252 (hz) note: at startup, the motor is driven by a sine wave when the hall signals are 5 hz or higher (f osc 4 mhz) and the motor is rotating in the same direction as the tb6551f controls it (rev low). generation inside of ic phase v phase u phase w modulation signal triangular wave (carrier frequency) v uv (u-v) v vw (v-w) v wu (w-u) inter-line voltage output waveform u x v y w z
TB6539n/f 2002-06-12 16 example of application circuit the pin numbers shown above are for the TB6539n/TB6539f note 1: for preventing the ic from misoperation caused by noise for example connect to ground as required. note 2: connect p-gnd to signal ground on an application circuit. note 3: the ic may be destroyed by short-circuiting outputs, or connecting outputs to the supply or ground. thus, take great ca re when designing output lines, v cc , v m , and gnd lines. also be careful not to insert the ic in the wrong direction because this could destroy the ic. system clock generator position detector counter 5-bit ad triangular wave generator 6-bit output waveform generator selecting data switching 120/180 & gate block protection on/off setting dead time charger 120- turn-on matrix power-on reset phase matching 4 bit fg rotating direction st/sp cw/ccw err gb comparator comparator comparator comparator pwm hu hv hw 120/180 phase w phase u os phase v brk (chg) mcu power supply for motor hall ic signal (note 1) (note 1) pre-drive r (charge pump) m driver (note 2) 15 v x in x out hu hv hw v e v cc p-gnd s-gnd v refout res i dc cw/ccw fg rev la v refout v m u x v y w z 5 v regulator 14/17 15/19 21/26 20/25 19/23 22/27 1/1 3/4 13/16 24/30 18/22 2/3 17/21 11/14 12/15 4/5 5/6 8/9 6/7 9/10 7/8 10/12 16/20 internal reference volta g e protection & reset 23/29
TB6539n/f 2002-06-12 17 package dimensions weight: 1.62 g (typ.)
TB6539n/f 2002-06-12 18 package dimensions weight: 0.63 g (typ.)
TB6539n/f 2002-06-12 19 toshiba is continually working to improve the quality and reliability of its products. nevertheless, semiconductor devices in general can malfunction or fail due to their inherent electrical sensitivity and vulnerability to physical stress. it is the responsibility of the buyer, when utilizing toshiba products, to comply with the standards of safety in making a safe design for the entire system, and to avoid situations in which a malfunction or failure of such toshiba products could cause loss of human life, bodily injury or damage to property. in developing your designs, please ensure that toshiba products are used within specified operating ranges as set forth in the most recent toshiba products specifications. also, please keep in mind the precautions and conditions set forth in the ?handling guide for semiconductor devices,? or ?toshiba semiconductor reliability handbook? etc.. the toshiba products listed in this document are intended for usage in general electronics applications (computer, personal equipment, office equipment, measuring equipment, industrial robotics, domestic appliances, etc.). these toshiba products are neither intended nor warranted for usage in equipment that requires extraordinarily high quality and/or reliability or a malfunction or failure of which may cause loss of human life or bodily injury (?unintended usage?). unintended usage include atomic energy control instruments, airplane or spaceship instruments, transportation instruments, traffic signal instruments, combustion control instruments, medical instruments, all types of safety devices, etc.. unintended usage of toshiba products listed in this document shall be made at the customer?s own risk. the products described in this document are subject to the foreign exchange and foreign trade laws. the information contained herein is presented only as a guide for the applications of our products. no responsibility is assumed by toshiba corporation for any infringements of intellectual property or other rights of the third parties which may result from its use. no license is granted by implication or otherwise under any intellectual property or other rights of toshiba corporation or others. the information contained herein is subject to change without notice. 000707eb a restrictions on product use

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